Research

Between 1985 and 2005, there were over 500 articles published concerning Applied Behavior Analysis and autism. Here is some of the key information from those sources.

Research Articles

2006 study replicating the 1987 Lovaas study results

Early Intensive Behavioral Treatment: Replication of the UCLA Model in a Community Setting.

Cohen, Howard, Amerine-Dickens, Mila, Smith, Tristram. (2006).

Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 27 (2), 145-155.

The most recent replication study of the Lovaas Model of Applied Behavior Analysis by an independent author. Children in behavioral treatment scored significantly higher in IQ and adaptive behavior scores than the comparison group. Further, 29% (6 of 21) children were fully included in regular education without assistance and another 52% (11 of 21) were included with support. This compares to only 5% (1 of 21) children in the control group who were placed in regular education.


2005 study replicating the 1987 Lovaas study results

Intensive Behavioral Treatment for Children with Autism: Four-Year Outcome and Predictors.

Sallows, Glen O. & Graupner, Tamlynn D. (2005).

American Journal on Mental Retardation, 110 (6), 417-438.

Replication study of the Lovaas Model of Applied Behavior Analysis by an independent author. Dr. Sallows states, "We found that 48% of all children showed rapid learning, achieved average posttreatment scores, and at age 7, were succeeding in regular education classrooms. These results are consistent with those reported by Lovaas and colleagues (Lovaas, 1987; McEachin, Smith, & Lovaas, 1993)."


2005 independent replication study directly comparing three treatments

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A Comparison of Intensive Behavior Analytic and Eclectic Treatments for Young Children with Autism.

Howard, Jane S. , Sparkman, Coleen R., Cohen, Howard G., Green, Gina, & Stanislaw, Harold. (2005).

Research in Developmental Disabilities, 26 (4), 359-383.

Results from an independent research group that replicate the findings of Eikeseth et al. (2002). As summarized in the journal abstract, "intensive behavioral treatment is considerably more efficacious than 'eclectic' intervention."


2002 study directly comparing two treatments

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Intensive Behavioral Treatment at School for 4- to 7-Year-Old Children with Autism.

Eikeseth, Svein, Smith, Tristram, & Eldevik, Erik Jahr Sigmund. (2002).

Behavior Modification, 26, 49-68.

Demonstrates that a focused behavioral treatment program is far superior than an eclectic special education approach that uses a variety of treatments. (Children in both groups received the same number of hours of treatment by qualified personnel.)


2000 report from the Surgeon General

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OTHER MENTAL DISORDERS
IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

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Acknowledges the efficacy of applied behavioral methods in the treatment of children with autism and cites the "well-designed study carried out by Lovaas and colleagues"


1999 report from the New York State health department

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BEHAVIORAL AND
EDUCATIONAL
APPROACHES

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Recommends a minimum of 20 hours per week of individualized behavioral interventions using ABA techniques, based on strong evidence in the research.


1998 cost-benefit analysis of intensive, early behavioral intervention.

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"Cost-Benefit Estimates for Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention for Young Children with Autism-General Model and Single State Case."

Jacobson, John W., Mulick, James A., & Green, Gina. (1998).

Behavioral Interventions, 13, 201-226.

Demonstrates that providing behavioral treatment to all children with autism for three years, delivered between the ages of 2 to 6 years, would save approximately $200,000 per child for ages 3-22 years and up to $1,000,000 per child for ages 3-55 years. The savings per child even takes into account that some children will not benefit at all from behavioral treatment and some will only make modest gains.


1993 follow up study

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Long-term outcome for children with autism who received early intensive behavioral treatment.

McEachin, J. J., Smith, T., & Lovaas, O. I. (1993).

American Journal on Mental Retardation,
97 (4), 359-372.

Follow-up research in early adolescence showed that children in the 1987 study maintained their skills and could succeed in life without costly special education and residential services.


1987 study of intensive behavioral treatment

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Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children.

Lovaas, O. I. (1987).

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,
55, 3-9.

Original research in peer-reviewed journals indicating that 90% of children substantially improved when utilizing the Lovaas Model of Applied Behavior Analysis, compared to the control group. Close to half attained a normal IQ and tested within the normal range on adaptive and social skills.


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